Avachi 1 point 2 points 3 points 1 month ago As far as I can tell he had North German ancestry only, at least within the past 200 years. I've only been able to go three or four generations back from him though because the church books only go so far, or at least the ones uploaded to the internet. Silk Drops Repair and Shine Serum, 2 oz- Regis DESIGNLINE - Leave-In Anti-Frizz Conditioner that Transforms Dull, Dry, and Brittle Hair into Tangle-Free and Silky Hair (2 oz). Listen to Avicii's latest single 'SOS' here: https://Avicii.lnk.to/SOS.
From Wikipedia:Avahi (software):
- Avahi is a free Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. It allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example you can plug into a network and instantly find printers to print to, files to look at and people to talk to. It is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Installation
Install the avahi package.
You can manage the Avahi daemon with avahi-daemon.service
using systemd.
systemd-resolved.service
entirely before using Avahi.Using Avahi
Hostname resolution
Avahi provides local hostname resolution using a 'hostname.local' naming scheme. To enable it, install the nss-mdns package and startavahi-daemon.service
.
Then, edit the file /etc/nsswitch.conf
and change the hosts
line to include mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return]
before resolve
and dns
:
- If you experience slowdowns in resolving
.local
hosts try to usemdns4_minimal
instead ofmdns_minimal
. - The line above makes
nss-mdns
authoritative for the.local
domain, unless your unicast DNS server responds toSOA
queries for the top levellocal
name, or if the request has more than two labels. Seenss-mdns
activation notes.
Configuring mDNS for custom TLD
The mdns_minimal
module handles queries for the .local
TLD only. Note the [NOTFOUND=return]
, which specifies that if mdns_minimal
cannot find *.local
, it will not continue to search for it in dns
, myhostname
, etc.
In case you want Avahi to support other TLDs, you should:
- replace
mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return]
with the fullmdns
module. There also are IPv4-only and IPv6-only modulesmdns[46](_minimal)
- customize
/etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
with thedomain-name
of your choice - whitelist Avahi custom TLDs in
/etc/mdns.allow
Tools
Avahi includes several utilities which help you discover the services running on a network. For example, run
to discover services in your network.
The Avahi Zeroconf Browser (avahi-discover
– note that it needs avahi's optional dependencies gtk3, python-dbus and python-gobject) shows the various services on your network. You can also browse SSH and VNC Servers using bssh
and bvnc
respectively.
Firewall
Be sure to open UDP port 5353
if you're using a firewall.
Link-Local (Bonjour/Zeroconf) chat
Avahi can be used for Bonjour protocol support under Linux. Check Wikipedia:Comparison of instant messaging clients or List of applications#Instant messaging clients for a list of clients supporting the Bonjour protocol.
Obtaining IPv4LL IP address
This article or section is a candidate for merging with dhcpcd.
By default, if you are getting IP using DHCP, you are using the dhcpcd package. It can attempt to obtain an IPv4LL address if it failed to get one via DHCP. By default this option is disabled. To enable it, comment noipv4ll string:
Alternatively, run avahi-autoipd
:
Adding services
Avahi advertises the services whose *.service
files are found in /etc/avahi/services
. Files in this directory must be readable by the avahi
user/group.
If you want to advertise a service for which there is no *.service
file, it is very easy to create your own.As an example, let's say you wanted to advertise a quote of the day (QOTD) service operating per RFC 865 on TCP port 17
which you are running on your machine
The first thing to do is to determine the . avahi.service(5) indicates that the type should be 'the DNS-SD service type for this service. e.g. '_http._tcp'. Since the DNS-SD register was merged into the IANA register in 2010, we look for the service name on the IANA register or in
/etc/services
file. The service name shown there is qotd
. Since we're running QOTD on tcp, we now know the service is _qotd._tcp
and the port (per IANA and RFC 865) is 17
.
Our service file is thus:
Avachi Dj
For more complicated scenarios, such as advertising services running on a different server, DNS sub-types and so on, consult avahi.service(5).
SSH
Avahi comes with an example service file to advertise a SSH server. To enable it:
File sharing
Avachi Dj
NFS
If you have an NFS share set up, you can use Avahi to be able to automount them in Zeroconf-enabled browsers (such as Konqueror on KDE and Finder on macOS) or file managers such as GNOME/Files.
Create a .service
file in /etc/avahi/services
with the following contents:
The port is correct if you have insecure as an option in your /etc/exports
; otherwise, it needs to be changed (note that insecure is needed for macOS clients). The path is the path to your export, or a subdirectory of it. For some reason the automount functionality has been removed from Leopard, however a script is available. This was based upon this post.
Samba
Bashment acapellas. With the Avahi daemon running on both the server and client, the file manager on the client should automatically find the server.
Vsftpd
You can also auto-discover regular FTP servers, such as vsftpd. Install the vsftpd package and change the settings of vsftpd according to your own personal preferences (see this thread on ubuntuforums.org or vsftpd.conf(5)).
Create a .service
file in /etc/avahi/services
with the following contents:
The FTP server should now be advertised by Avahi. You should now be able to find the FTP server from a file manager on another computer in your network. You might need to enable #Hostname resolution on the client.
AirPrint from Mobile Devices
This article or section is a candidate for merging with AirPort#Printing .
Avahi along with CUPS also provides the capability to print to just about any printer from airprint compatible mobile devices. In order to enable print capability from your device, simply create an Avahi service file for your printer in /etc/avahi/services/
. An example of a generic services file for an HP-Laserjet printer would be similar to the following with the name
, rp
, ty
, adminurl
and note
fields changed.
Alternatively, https://raw.github.com/tjfontaine/airprint-generate/master/airprint-generate.py can be used to generate Avahi service files. It depends on python2 and python2-pycupsAUR. The script can be run using:
Troubleshooting
Hostname changes with appending incrementing numbers
This is a known bug that is caused by a hostname race condition. One possible workaround is disabling IPv6 to attempt to prevent the race condition. If multiple interfaces are present use allow-interfaces to limit Avahi to a single interface. Another possible workaround is to disable the cache to prevent Avahi from checking for host name conflicts altogether, but this prevents Avahi from performing lookups.
You can manage the Avahi daemon with avahi-daemon.service
using systemd.
systemd-resolved.service
entirely before using Avahi.Using Avahi
Hostname resolution
Avahi provides local hostname resolution using a 'hostname.local' naming scheme. To enable it, install the nss-mdns package and startavahi-daemon.service
.
Then, edit the file /etc/nsswitch.conf
and change the hosts
line to include mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return]
before resolve
and dns
:
- If you experience slowdowns in resolving
.local
hosts try to usemdns4_minimal
instead ofmdns_minimal
. - The line above makes
nss-mdns
authoritative for the.local
domain, unless your unicast DNS server responds toSOA
queries for the top levellocal
name, or if the request has more than two labels. Seenss-mdns
activation notes.
Configuring mDNS for custom TLD
The mdns_minimal
module handles queries for the .local
TLD only. Note the [NOTFOUND=return]
, which specifies that if mdns_minimal
cannot find *.local
, it will not continue to search for it in dns
, myhostname
, etc.
In case you want Avahi to support other TLDs, you should:
- replace
mdns_minimal [NOTFOUND=return]
with the fullmdns
module. There also are IPv4-only and IPv6-only modulesmdns[46](_minimal)
- customize
/etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
with thedomain-name
of your choice - whitelist Avahi custom TLDs in
/etc/mdns.allow
Tools
Avahi includes several utilities which help you discover the services running on a network. For example, run
to discover services in your network.
The Avahi Zeroconf Browser (avahi-discover
– note that it needs avahi's optional dependencies gtk3, python-dbus and python-gobject) shows the various services on your network. You can also browse SSH and VNC Servers using bssh
and bvnc
respectively.
Firewall
Be sure to open UDP port 5353
if you're using a firewall.
Link-Local (Bonjour/Zeroconf) chat
Avahi can be used for Bonjour protocol support under Linux. Check Wikipedia:Comparison of instant messaging clients or List of applications#Instant messaging clients for a list of clients supporting the Bonjour protocol.
Obtaining IPv4LL IP address
This article or section is a candidate for merging with dhcpcd.
By default, if you are getting IP using DHCP, you are using the dhcpcd package. It can attempt to obtain an IPv4LL address if it failed to get one via DHCP. By default this option is disabled. To enable it, comment noipv4ll string:
Alternatively, run avahi-autoipd
:
Adding services
Avahi advertises the services whose *.service
files are found in /etc/avahi/services
. Files in this directory must be readable by the avahi
user/group.
If you want to advertise a service for which there is no *.service
file, it is very easy to create your own.As an example, let's say you wanted to advertise a quote of the day (QOTD) service operating per RFC 865 on TCP port 17
which you are running on your machine
The first thing to do is to determine the . avahi.service(5) indicates that the type should be 'the DNS-SD service type for this service. e.g. '_http._tcp'. Since the DNS-SD register was merged into the IANA register in 2010, we look for the service name on the IANA register or in
/etc/services
file. The service name shown there is qotd
. Since we're running QOTD on tcp, we now know the service is _qotd._tcp
and the port (per IANA and RFC 865) is 17
.
Our service file is thus:
Avachi Dj
For more complicated scenarios, such as advertising services running on a different server, DNS sub-types and so on, consult avahi.service(5).
SSH
Avahi comes with an example service file to advertise a SSH server. To enable it:
File sharing
Avachi Dj
NFS
If you have an NFS share set up, you can use Avahi to be able to automount them in Zeroconf-enabled browsers (such as Konqueror on KDE and Finder on macOS) or file managers such as GNOME/Files.
Create a .service
file in /etc/avahi/services
with the following contents:
The port is correct if you have insecure as an option in your /etc/exports
; otherwise, it needs to be changed (note that insecure is needed for macOS clients). The path is the path to your export, or a subdirectory of it. For some reason the automount functionality has been removed from Leopard, however a script is available. This was based upon this post.
Samba
Bashment acapellas. With the Avahi daemon running on both the server and client, the file manager on the client should automatically find the server.
Vsftpd
You can also auto-discover regular FTP servers, such as vsftpd. Install the vsftpd package and change the settings of vsftpd according to your own personal preferences (see this thread on ubuntuforums.org or vsftpd.conf(5)).
Create a .service
file in /etc/avahi/services
with the following contents:
The FTP server should now be advertised by Avahi. You should now be able to find the FTP server from a file manager on another computer in your network. You might need to enable #Hostname resolution on the client.
AirPrint from Mobile Devices
This article or section is a candidate for merging with AirPort#Printing .
Avahi along with CUPS also provides the capability to print to just about any printer from airprint compatible mobile devices. In order to enable print capability from your device, simply create an Avahi service file for your printer in /etc/avahi/services/
. An example of a generic services file for an HP-Laserjet printer would be similar to the following with the name
, rp
, ty
, adminurl
and note
fields changed.
Alternatively, https://raw.github.com/tjfontaine/airprint-generate/master/airprint-generate.py can be used to generate Avahi service files. It depends on python2 and python2-pycupsAUR. The script can be run using:
Troubleshooting
Hostname changes with appending incrementing numbers
This is a known bug that is caused by a hostname race condition. One possible workaround is disabling IPv6 to attempt to prevent the race condition. If multiple interfaces are present use allow-interfaces to limit Avahi to a single interface. Another possible workaround is to disable the cache to prevent Avahi from checking for host name conflicts altogether, but this prevents Avahi from performing lookups.
See also
- Avahi - Official project website
- iTunes (includes Bonjour) - Enable Zeroconf on Windows
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